Bảng lùi thì, cách lùi thì trong câu tường thuật
Câu tường thuật là một trong những loại cấu trúc khá quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Loại câu hỏi này đòi hỏi cần phải tuân theo quy tắc bảng lùi thì và một số thay đổi khác. Để tìm hiểu sâu hơn cấu trúc câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) chúng ta hãy tìm hiểu ngay qua bài viết dưới đây nhé.
Bảng lùi thì
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Tường thuật trực tiếp |
Tường thuật gián tiếp (Lùi thì lại) |
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Simple present (thì hiện tại đơn) |
Simple past (thì quá khứ đơn) |
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Present continuous (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) |
Past continuous (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) |
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Simple past (thì quá khứ đơn) |
Past perfect (thì quá khứ hoàn thành) |
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Present perfect (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) |
Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) |
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Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) |
Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) |
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Present perfect continuous (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) |
Past perfect continuous (thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) |
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Past continuous (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) |
Past perfect continuous (thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) |
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Future (tương lai đơn) |
Present conditional (Điều kiện ở hiện tại) |
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Future continuous (tương lai tiếp diễn) |
Conditional continuous (điều kiện tiếp diễn) |
Cách lùi thì trong câu tường thuật
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Thì của động từ: có 2 trường hợp
TH1: nếu động từ giới thiệu (say, tell) ở HTĐ thì ta giữ nguyên thì trong câu trực tiếp.
Ex: "I'm going to get married" he says.
⇒ He says that he is going to get married.
TH2: Nếu động từ giới thiệu (say, tell) ở QK thì ta lùi thì của câu trực tiếp)
HTĐ ⇒ QKĐ
HTTD ⇒ QKTD
HTHT ⇒ QKHT
QKĐ ⇒ QKHT
QKTD ⇒ QKHTTD
QKHT ⇒ QKHT
TLĐ ⇒ TLĐ trong QK
TLTD ⇒ TLTD trong QK
Modal V ⇒ Modal V trong QK
Hình ảnh miêu tả cách chuyển sang câu tường thuật
Ex: "I had an important meeting last Friday" said Tom.
⇒ Tom said that he had had an important meeting the previous day.
"Mr Shibao has been New York for 3 weeks" said his secretary.
⇒ His secretary said that Mr Shibao had been New York for 3 weeks.
"I will write letter for you" Nga said.
⇒ Nga said that she would write letter for me.
"Pete was playing video game with Tim" said the baby sister.
⇒ The baby sister said that Pete had been playing video game with Tim.
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Các từ chỉ thời gian và không gian: cũng được thay đổi sao cho phù hợp.
Now ⇒ Then
Today ⇒ That day
Yesterday ⇒ The day before
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Các cụm từ chỉ thời gian đặc biệt cần lưu ý :
The day before yesterday ⇒ Two days before
Tomorrow ⇒ The next/ the following day
The day after tomorrow ⇒ In two days' time
Next + Time ⇒ The following + Time
Last + Time ⇒ The previous + Time
Time + ago ⇒ Time + before
This, these ⇒ That, those
Here, Over here ⇒ Here, Overthere
Ex: "I am going to visit Hue this June" told Hoa.
⇒ Hoa told that she was going to visit Hue that June.
"This bulding has been built 10 years ago" said Tuan.
⇒ Tuan said that building had been built 10 years before.
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Các đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu: cũng được đổi để phù hợp với nghĩa của câu gián tiếp.
Ex: Jimmy said: "I am so tired now."
⇒ Jimmy said that he was so tired then.
"You can do everything if you try your best" told my mom.
⇒ My mom told me that I could do everything if I tried my best.
Hình ảnh miêu tả cách chuyển sang câu tường thuật
Các trường hợp không lùi thì
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Không lùi thì với các từ : ought to, should, would, could, might.
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Không lùi thì khi tường thuật về một sự thật hiển nhiên.
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Không lùi thì khi câu sử dụng động từ tường thuật “say” và “tell” ở thì hiện tại.
Một số bài tập lùi thì
1.“Open the door.” he said to them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.
- I told... ............................................................................
4. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.
- She told... ........................................................................
5. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
- I asked her... ....................................................................
6. “He’s not at home.”, she said.
- She said that... .................................................................
7. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................
8. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.
- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
9. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.
- He asked... ........................................................................
10. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
- Thomas asked Jean........................................................
11. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.
- I told Mary.... ...................................................................
12. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
13. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.
- He said that.... ...................................................................
14. “Don’t use too much hot water.” she said to us.
- She asked us.... ..............................................................
15. “Don’t do it again.” she said to them.
She told them..................................................................
16. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said.
- She told..........................................................................
17. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
18. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
19. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked.........................................................................
20. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us................................................................
21. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked............................................. .............................
22. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend......................................... ...........
23. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know.............................................. .....
24. "How do you know that?" she asked me
She asked me................................................ ...................
25. "What's the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know ..........................................................
26. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him ................................................................ .
27. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me ................................................................ .
28. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know ...........................................
29. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know ......................................................... .
30. “Do you enjoy listening to music?” Bin asked her.
..................................................................................................
31. She said to me “Can you speak Vietnamese?”
..................................................................................................
32. “I don’t like this red cap,” she said.
..................................................................................................
33. “I must go home to make the dinner”,said Linda.
..................................................................................................
34. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” Nam asked his friend.
..................................................................................................
35. ”Give him a smile,”The photographer told him.
..................................................................................................
Đáp án bài tập
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
4. She told us not to try to open it then.
5. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
6. She said that he was not at home.
7. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
8. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
9. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
10. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
11. I told Mary not to leave the window open
12. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
13. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
14. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
15. She told them not to do it again.
16. She told 26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
17. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
18. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.them not to do it again.
19. She asked where her umbrella was.
20. Martin asked us how we were.
21. He asked if he had to do it.
22. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best
23. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English
24. She asked me how I knew that
25. He wanted to know what the time was
26. She asked him if he was crazy
27. She asked me if I could meet her at the station
28. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer
29. She wanted to know why he didn't help her
30. Bin asked her if she enjoyed listening to music.
31. She asked me if I could speak Vietnamese.
32. She told me that she didn’t like that red cap.
33. Linda told me that she must go home to make the dinner.
34. Nam asked his friend whether her/his sister and brother went to the same school.
35. The photographer told him to give him a smile.
Hy vọng bài viết trên của studyytienganh đã giúp các bạn đọc giả nằm lòng được các quy tắc về câu tường thuật. Chúc các bạn học tập thật tốt.
